This fascinating map demonstrates the history of confusion regarding the location of Taprobana. Known since classical times, Taprobana has most often been identified with Ceylon, but since the 15th century has also been identified with Sumatra. The island depicted here has characteristics of both. It’s shape and place names suggest Ceylon; however, the size and location on the equator suggest Sumatra, and this is the identification made by the map’s title. The map is a woodcut is by one of the preeminent German cartographers of the 16th century, taken from his popular and influential Cosmographia. Most striking is the excellent drawing of an elephant in a jungle background. The descriptive text states that the island has the best elephants and grows the best pepper in the world.